



His 

Wonderful 
Time Clock 

an 
Eloquent 
Solution 

of 

Motion 

and 

Perpetual 

Force 




FRIEDRICH BANGERTER 

Inventor 



COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY 

FRIEDRICH BANGERTER, 

50 Church Street. 




GOLD AND SILVER MEDALS AND DIPLOMAS 
At the World Universal Expositions in Paris, 1900, and in Bel- 
gium, 1905, for Bangerter's Many Marvelous Inventions. 



BANGERTER'S 
INVENTIONS 
=^HIS — 
MARVELOUS 
TIME CLOCK 

EDITED BY KING 



CONTENTS 



Page 

DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 9 

Perpetual Force 9 

A Practical Invention 10 

A Truly Wonderful Invention 10 

What Does Perpetual Motion Mean? 13 

Napoleon's Fatal Error 13 

Flying Machines Everywhere 14 

America! Land of Opportunities 17 

Stimulus to Inventive Genius 17 

Perpetual Motion, the Study of Ages 18 

When Nature Is Ready 18 

Other Natural Forces 21 

Variation of Temperature 21 

Nature's Many Phenomena 22 

Nature's Great Planetary Clockwork 22 

Heat the Source of All Power 25 

Heat — Expansion and Contraction 25 

SPECIFICATION 29 

BANGERTER'S ANNIVERSARY SELF-WINDING REGU- 
LATOR 73 

BANGERTER'S FIRE DETECTOR AND FIRE ALARM.. 77 

BANGERTER'S FIRE ALARM AND WATER SPRINKLER 79 

BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF FRj.EDRICH BANGERTER 81 

BANGERTER'S AUTOMATIC WATCH CHAIN MACHINE 83 

BANGERTER'S WRITING AND TALKING DOLL 87 

BANGERTER'S AUTOMATIC JEWELER 91 

BANGERTER'S AIRSHIP 93 

BANGERTER'S POWDERLESS GUN 95 



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DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 




HE Twentieth Century is the century of suc- 
cessful accomplishment. The zenith of 
human achievements appears to have been 
reached. Yet every day brings its new sur- 
prises. There seems to be no limit to the out- 
put of human genius and ingenuity. We have now the aero- 
plane skimming through the air with bird-like ease and 
rapidity; the wireless telegraph and wireless telephone; 
the leviathan steamship "Olympic," which annihilates 
distance between Europe and America and a sight of 
which would make our ancestors gasp in amazement, as 
well as other modern marvels. 

And these pages tell about one of the greatest inven- 
tions of all time — a discovery of to-day that will add a 
crowning glory to successful Twentieth Century en- 
deavor. 

Bangerter's Perpetulium Time Clock is most concrete, 
tangible and eloquent evidence that PERPETUAL 
FORCE — the greatest of all mechanical problems — is 
solved at last. 

PERPETUAL FORCE! 

Bangerter's latest and highly successful creation 
sounds like a fairy story realized. The wizardry of true 
genius is thus marvellously expressed. Volumes have been 
written by prominent authors and leading scientific men 
illustrating the wasted efforts and picturing the despair 
of many inventors in all ages who failed in their persistent 
efforts to solve the problem of perpetual force — produc- 
ing motion. Centuries of unwearying studies and ac- 
tivities only met with failure. It was called an impos- 
sible task, a phantom, a phantasy, a freak of the imag- 
ination that never could be converted to a practical 
issue. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



But the failure of those who attempted and failed in 
the past could not keep back the energy and force of 
progress. 

To-day the problem of perpetual force is really solved. 
It remained for a young Swiss inventor — Mr. Friedrich 
Bangerter — to successfully accomplish the heretofore 
impossible. 

Bangerter's Perpetual Time Clock is perfect in theory 
and practice. It is operated by a principle that cannot 
fail. A glance at the machine will convince the most 
skeptical. 

From time to time we read of wonderful inventions 
that never get beyond the stage where they are talked 
about. They are impractical and impossible, because 
their inventors are fakirs, fanatics or dreamers — in- 
ventors lacking the character, knowledge and brains to 
understand whether or not their ideas are of any realiz- 
able value. 

A PRACTICAL INVENTION 

This is emphatically not the case with Mr. Bangerter. 
His is a most practical mind. His record as an inventor 
is one of successes. He has had twenty years' experience 
as a practical and technical mechanical engineer, with a 
great number of patents and inventions in operation all 
over the world. His marvelous automatic machines — 
taking wrought casting and bars of metal and auto- 
matically making gears, chains, spindles, screws, pinions, 
etc., of the highest precision — is a striking example of 
his great ability. 

At two World's Expositions — in Paris, 1900, and 
Belgium, 1905 — the Jury of International Selection of 
Mechanical Experts awarded him Silver and Gold 
Medals and Diplomas for his inventions of the most 
marvelous machines. 

A TRULY WONDERFUL INVENTION 

Bangerter's Perpetual Time Clock is a truly wonder- 
ful mechanism and an exact, reliable timepiece. It will 
do the work for which it is intended, as long as the me- 
chanical parts hold together — as long as the shafts and 
spindles run in their bearings. 

In other words, this clock will run for generations — 




BANGERTER'S 

PERPETUAL 

CLOCK. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



yes, from 100 to 500 years — without winding. During 
this unbeHevably long period this clock will run, show 
the exact time, strike the hours and. play the marvelous 
Westminster melodies without the slightest expenditure 
of time or effort in winding up with springs or weights. 

There is employed no electricity, chemicals, secret 
preparations or fuel, to produce the power and energy to 
run Bangerter's Perpetual Force Clock. Yet there is a 
natural law behind it all — the secret of its practical ap- 
plication was discovered and successfully applied by the 
young Swiss inventor. 

WHAT DOES PERPETUAL 
MOTION MEAN? 

To avoid loss of time and to obviate dissension and 
discussion between readers and critics herewith is given 
the technical understanding of the title "PERPETUAL 
MOTION." It is taken from "The International 
Cyclopedia," Vol. II, Page 522, and reads as follows: 

"Perpetual Motion means an engine which, without 
any supply of power from without, can not only maintain 
its own motion forever, or as long as its material lasts, 
but can also be applied to drive machinery, and there- 
fore to do external work. In other words, it means a 
device for creating power energy without corresponding 
expenditure. This is now known to be absolutely im- 
possible, no matter what physical forces be employed." 

The Bangerter Clock is eloquent evidence that the 
theory just quoted (and heretofore generally accepted 
as correct) is not, in fact, correct. It will be necessary, 
in the face of this new discovery, to write a new defini- 
tion of Perpetual Motion. 

Impossibilities of yesterday are the stern realities of 
to-day. We have now arrived at such a stage of advance- 
ment as to be surprised at no discovery or invention, no 
matter how improbable or wonderful. 

NAPOLEON'S FATAL ERROR. 

Napoleon was advised not to listen to Fulton's plan of 
the steamboat — a certain cause of his downfall, for had he 
accepted Fulton's radical and previously unheard of 
ideas he would presently have a fleet of steamships. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



He would thus be Emperor of the Ocean, for with his 
fleet of steamships he would surely have conquered 
Britain's old-fashioned sailing navy. 

Ten years ago all the scientific men to whom Ban- 
gerter presented his plans for an airship, gravely shook 
their heads. They said : — 

"Your principle is right — it shows the most practical 
device we have yet seen, and if there were such proposi- 
tion as a 'heavier-than-air' possibility you would have 
the best chance of success." 

Very well, the "heavier-than-air" possibility has be- 
come a certainty. To-day scientific men see the weight 
of a man's body (increased by a heavy framework and 
many mechanical contrivances) soar lightly and majes- 
tically between the blue sky and the earth below. The 
dream of the pitied and sneered at inventor of a decade 
ago is exemplified to-day all over the civilized world ! 

All this the scientists a few years ago did not see. 

The new born force — insignificant in size and appear- 
ance, but giant-like in actual force — now known as the 
gasolene engine, did not then make an appearance. But 
now hundreds of machines are flying all over the world 
— propelled by the pygmy gasolene engine. 

In other words, as the force of a man is mechanicalty 
figured to 1-7 of oneH. P., some gasolene engines of the 
weight and size of a man develop 700 times more power. 

This enormous force may soon bring about a revolu- 
tion in warfare by displacing powder as a force to expel 
bullets from guns. 

Tests made last year with a small model gun have 
demonstrated great possibilities by shooting small 3-8 
inch round ball-bearing at so terrific a speed that they 
pierced a l3'2-inch pine target at 60 feet distance, and in 
such enormous quantities that inside of a few seconds 
five targets were riddled to atoms. 

FLYING MACHINES EVERYWHERE. 

Aeroplanes are to-day counted by hundreds. Some 
carry ten or more men at a time, and keeping it up for 
hours with a speed of nearly 100 miles per hour. 

How great is the number of the wonderful time- 
saving, effort-saving and distance-annihilating inven- 
tions of the past fifty years ! 




BANGERTER'S 

PERPETUAL 

CLOCK. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



How wonderful is the transformation! How sudden 
and how amazingly great is the progress that a single 
generation produces in this remarkable century ! Great 
men have lived before us. Intellectual giants were our 
fathers and grandfathers. But the time had not come 
for the infinite hand to touch the mainspring that would 
set all these fountains of activity to pouring out their 
rich treasures of knowledge and invention. But as soon 
as the time is reached, how supremely marvelous are 
the undreamed-of achievements ! 

AMERICA! LAND OF OPPORTUNITIES. 

The development of the greatest of all countries — the 
United States of America — is a most prolific source and 
cause of inventions. After the Civil War had proven 
that equality and freedom were not mere figures of 
speech, but that they were real, substantial blessings to 
be enjoyed by all American citizens, a great stimulus to 
inventi-ve genius was given. The brains responded to 
the call for improvement and development. 

The winnings from mining, the rewards from manu- 
facture, the profits to be derived in the thousand and one 
forms of commerce and the handsome payments to be 
derived from agriculture, lumbering, cattle raising, fruit 
culture, etc., were the strongest possible incentives to the 
exercise of brains and inventive ingenuity. 

Manufacture and commerce were fostered and devel- 
oped by rapid transportation. Railroads and steam- 
ships soon ran wherever needed. Prosperity and happi- 
ness were the natural results of this wholesale national 
activity. 

The machinery of warfare, such as marine fortifica- 
tions, great guns and war vessels, was installed and 
maintained at an enormous expense. 

It is not too much to say that America's prosperity 
has aroused the greatest possible interest in European 
countries. They have made the most strenuous exer- 
tions in order to compete in the world's trade marts. 

STIMULUS TO INVENTIVE GENIUS. 

A long period of universal peace has made it possible 
to keep up inventive investigation and experimenting 
with marvelously fruitful results. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



Up to the present time more than ONE MILLION 
PATENTS have been issued for the United States alone. 
Truly a marvelous record i 

PERPETUAL MOTION— THE STUDY OF 
AGES. 

In every age inventors have dreamed of that problem 
of problems — Perpetual Motion. It is a problem that 
has exhausted the mind, purse and patience of thousands 
of inventors. Almost everj' one has heard of some one 
else's interest in this great subject. But history shows 
that the study of perpetual motion has been tinctured 
with charlatanism. 

Fakirs have from time to time shown contrivances 
which seemed to solve the problem, but were delusions 
and humbugs pure and simple, as they were gotten up 
to delude the public and deceive investors. The no- 
torious Keely Motor was but one case of many. 

Notwithstanding the enormous amount of unsuccess- 
ful effort and study in an endeavor to solve Perpetual 
Motion there are yet many enthusiastic students 
earnestly laboring in the field. 

There is one great Perpetual Motion. It is Nature's 
own handiwork, and the only successful human attempt 
is exemplified in Bangerter's marvelously combined 
clockwork in which the silent forces of Nature are har- 
nessed to carry out immutable laws. Similar attempts 
had already been undertaken by scientific men, but 
without success, until Friedrich Bangerter touched the 
true keynote. 

WHEN NATURE IS READY. 

The time and conditions were ripe and ready. So 
was the man ! It seems to be one of the great laws of 
Mother Nature to withhold her m^ost precious secrets 
until she sees fit to divulge them, and then she brings 
in happy juxtaposition "The Time, The Place and The 
Man." 

This has proven true with most of the world's most 
important inventions and discoveries. Nature in her 
own good time gives up the priceless secret — that little 
something that spells success and that was so long sought 
after until the golden moment it was revealed. 




BANGERTER'S 

PERPETUAL 

CLOCK. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



Had Lilienthal to-day's gasolene engine — an engine 
developing 100 H. P. to the weight of only 200 pounds, as 
the rotary Gnome Engine, he would have been highly 
successful in his efforts to fly. 

The development of the automobile meant the de- 
velopment of the gasolene engine, which became so re- 
duced in weight and so powerful in action that all that 
was necessary was to attach it to some planes, revolve 
propellers, and, presto ! off went the flying machine with 
ease and speed. 

As time goes on and as the needs of men multiply other 
great inventions will be perfected in obedience to the 
universal Law of Creation. 

Every student of Perpetual Motion, yes, every intel- 
ligent observer of the world's progress, will be intensely 
interested in Bangerter's wonderful clock. 

OTHER NATURAL FORCES. 

There are many other natural sources that could be 
called in to develop Perpetual Force for clocks, ma- 
chinery, etc., just as waterfalls, rainfalls, the blowing of 
winds, etc., but all these could not be considered and 
compared with Bangerter's inventions. They are at 
present impractical on account of the extensive and ex- 
pensive outside connections required. 

Streams are sometimes found only at great distances, 
and the entire system of turbines, dynamos, electrical 
conducting wires and motors are much too complicated 
to operate a simple system of your own. 

VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE. 

We cannot depend upon a wind or a rainfall, but we 
can always depend upon a variation of temperature day 
after day and year after year. Some days there may 
be a variation of only one or two degrees, other days 
from 15 to 25 degrees, but no matter what the variation 
may be, Bangerter's machine collects the daily results 
and stores their energies. 

These results are produced day after day by the 
phenomena of expansion and contraction of material, 
and is so combined as to always have sufficient force 
stored to always keep the clock running. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



In Other words, Bangerter's Perpetulium Time Clock 
will always run without winding. 

Even if there should be no variation of temperature 
for a period of several days or weeks — which will never 
happen as long as the world exists — sufficient force 
would be stored from past variations to keep it running 
for a considerable period of time. 

This clock will give perfect time in any room, in any 
house or building and in any exterior or interior loca- 
tion. It is not affected by time or locality. The mys- 
terious forces of Nature operate it equally as well in the 
jungles of Africa as in a New York or London mansion. 

It is the one clock for all time, all localities and all 
conditions. 

NATURE'S MANY PHENOMENA. 

How marvelous and manifold are the workings of 
Nature! Her phenomena and secrets are ever subjects 
of intense study by the world's greatest intellects. 

Nature's manifestations are mild, majestic, mighty, 
cold, calm, bounteous, benign, beneficent, beautiful, 
terrific, tender, temperate — in fact, every adjective in 
the English language could be employed to describe her 
full gamut of moods. 

Some of us have heard the furious roaring of a blizzard 
and observed the enormous force and terrific speed of the 
tempest, leaving behind death and destruction in its 
wake. Many towns, large and small, have been swept 
out of existence by blizzards, tornadoes and cyclones. 

And the silent, fructifying forces of Nature — how 
grand and beautiful beyond expression do they accom- 
plish their work ! "Great oaks from little acorns grow," 
and from little, apparently insignificant seeds spring 
monarch trees of the forest, their crowns majestically 
waving three and four hundred feet in the air. The 
mysteries of life have yet been revealed to no man, and 
the artist has not lived who has been able to paint the 
picture, to catch the true color effects, that only Mother 
Nature can depict on a world wide canvas. 

NATURE'S GREAT PLANETARY 
CLOCKWORK. 

Every atom of force in the universe performs a pur- 
pose and function. Nature never makes a mistake. 




BANGERTER'S 

PERPETUAL 

CLOCK. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



Each of the myriad forces under her control has the most 
logical cause for existence, and all are under the guidance 
of the most perfect system. The entire planetary sys- 
tem may be termed the Clockwork of the Universe — the 
great Natural Clock, absolutely authoritative and per- 
fect in operation and giving us days, nights, seasons and 
variations of temperature with a regularity that never 
fails. - 

These variations of temperature really mean the 
source of all life and vegetation. In order that we 
human beings live the globe must revolve on its axis, and 
as the year grows on apace we receive the heat rays from 
another planet- — the Sun — in different angles and posi- 
tions and in the variations of temperature ranging from 
extreme heat to extreme cold. 

HEAT THE SOURCE OF ALL POWER. 

From heat comes all power. When the latent forces 
of Nature were first set aflame by primitive man he 
touched the spring of civilization. Since that time fire 
has been working for human progress. It is one of the 
most powerful agents in the development of civilization. 

Our rude ancestors long ago discovered its great 
utility, and they cudgeled their brains to aid the flame of 
fire and obtain a still fiercer heat. The bellows was the 
result — the wind pointed the way to this invention. 

Then followed by slow degrees the acquirement of 
further knowledge concerning fire and its uses. Our 
forefathers learned the processes of melting and smelting 
— later were established various metallurgical opera- 
tions. 

The path was thus prepared for Tubal Cain and other 
artificers in metals. Man eventually became exceed- 
ingly skilled in applying heat forces in his many require- 
ments in articles of brass, tin, zinc, steel, etc. 

HEAT— EXPANSION AND 
CONTRACTION. 

From an article by J. Gordon Ogden, Ph.D., in "Pop- 
ular Mechanics," September, 1910, we quote: 

"Expansion is one of the most remarkable of the 
phenomena to be reckoned with in the natural world. 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



Practically every bit of matter from the Great Brooklyn 
Bridge to the tiny hairspring in one's watch is under its 
imperial domination. It is a tremendous force, and the 
world of mechanics has to treat it with the deference and 
respect due to its gigantic power. Unlike gravity, and 
other forces of nature, it is whimsical and takes sudden 
fits and starts, now acting one way, now another. It 
affects different bodies in different ways, and seems to be 
at variance with the time-honored forces whose action 
can be predicted under all circumstances. At least that 
is what it apparently does. In our meagre knowledge 
of the great underlying laws that control the universe it 
is possibly unwise to speak so unkindly of expansion, as 
though it were a spoiled child in need of correction; its 
behavior, however, is so contrary to what one might ex- 
pect that one is at a loss to say anything else. 

"The walls of a building are sometimes rectified by the 
enormous force exerted by the contraction of iron rods. 
Bars of iron are placed so as to join the two walls where 
the bulging is most pronounced. These bars terminate 
in screws furnished with nuts. The whole of their length 
is heated and the nuts tightened. On cooling the bars 
will contract with practically irresistible force, causing 
the walls to straighten up. This operation is repeated 
until the rectification is completed. Boiler plates are 
fastened with red-hot rivets. The contraction of the 
rivets incident upon their cooling draws the plates 
tightly together, forming a steam-proof joint." 

"Tyndall, in his work on heat, gives an excellent 
illustration of the force of expansion and contraction. 
'The choir of Bristol Cathedral was covered with sheet 
lead, the length of the covering being 60 feet and its 
depth 19 feet 5 inches. It had been laid in the year 
1851, and two years afterward it had moved bodily 
down for a distance of 18 inches. The descent had been 
continually going on from the time the lead had been 
laid down, and an attempt to stop it by driving nails 
into the rafters had failed, for the force with which the 
lead had descended was sufficient to draw out the nails. 
The roof was not a steep one, and the lead could have 
re3.ted on it forever without sliding down by gravity. 
What, then, was the cause of the descent? The lead 
was exposed to the varying temperatures of day and 
night. During the day the heat imparted to it caused it 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



to expand. Had it lain upon a horizontal surface, it 
would have expanded all around; but as it lay upon an 
inclined surface it expanded more freely downward than 
upward. When, on the contrary, the lead contracted at 
night its upper edge was drawn more easily downward 
than its lower edge upward. Its motion was, therefore, 
exactly like that of a common earthworm; it pushed its 
lower edge forward during the day and drew its upper 
edge after it during the night, and thus by degrees it 
crawled through a space of 18 inches in two years.' 

"Mention has been made in a preceding article of the 
effect of unequal expansion upon two different metals 
that have been bolted together. It is by this principle 
that the action of the ordinary thermostat, so familiar 
now as a controller and regulator of the temperature of 
high buildings, is explained — a rod made up of two differ- 
ent metals whose rates of expansion are different. When 
the temperature of the room in which the thermostat is 
placed becomes too high the rod curls toward the metal 
point S and touches it, completing an electrical contact 
which causes a motor to shut off the draft. When the 
temperature of the room falls below a certain point the 
rod curls in the opposite direction toward the metal 
point T. This causes a motor to open the draft and 
thus furnish a more abundant supply of hot air. 

"Everybody in these days of cheap and reliable time- 
pieces carries a watch. And yet there are very few who 
appreciate the methods and devices by means of which 
the troublesome expansion and contraction of metals 
are corrected, in order that a watch may keep correct 
time. The balance wheel of a watch corresponds to the 
pendulum of a clock, and any variation in its dimen- 
sions will cause it to move faster or slower, as the case 
may be. The hairspring is really a long strip of metal 
which becomes weakened in its effect when expanded by 
an increase in temperature and has its power augmented 
when contraction takes place. 

"To correct both of these conditions the rim of the bal- 
ance wheel is made up of two different metals, the outer 
part brass, the inner part iron. When the hairspring 
becomes weaker by expansion the brass of the balance 
wheel also expands; but as it expands more than the 
iron to which it is bonded, it curls in toward the center of 
the wheel, making practically a wheel of smaller diam- 



DREAM OF AGES REALIZED 



eter, and causing the same effect as is produced when a 
clock pendulum is shortened. Exactly the opposite 
conditions obtain when the timepiece is exposed to ex- 
treme cold and the balance wheel has its diameter in- 
creased, thus causing a slowing up to counteract the in- 
creased strain produced by the contraction of the hair- 
spring. The same principle is applied in the construction 
of first-class clocks. Any uncorrected variation in the. 
length of a pendulum is fatal to the timekeeping quality 
of a clock. A gridiron pendulum made up of alternate 
rods of steel and brass serves to correct the result of the 
expansive force. 

"The central steel rod passes through holes in the lower 
horizontal framework and supports the bob at the lower 
end. The steel rods are so arranged that they will ex- 
pand downward, while the brass rods expand upward 
and the total length of each metal used is exactly suffi- 
cient to counteract each other's expansion, and the cen- 
tre of the bob will remain at a constant distance from 
the point of suspension." 

Scientific men and engineers are more or less familiar 
with the phenomena of expansion. But no inventor 
produced a system capable of utilizing this force to run 
a clock until Bangerter succeeded in mastering the prob- 
lem. 

Bangerter's clock is unquestionably a triumph of 
human ingenuity. It is a mechanical m.asterpiece. 
Herewith follows the complete specification: 



SPECIFICATION 



TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : 

Be it known that I, FRIEDRICH BANGERTER, of 

the City of New York (Borough of Richmond) , County 
of Richmond and State of New York, have invented 
certain new and useful improvements in 

APPARATUS FOR THE EDUCTION, STORAGE 
AND APPLICATION OF ENERGY FROM 
EXPANSIBLE MATERIALS, 

of which the following is a full, clear and exact specifica- 
tion, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which 
it appertains to make and use the same. 

This invention relates to apparatus whereby energy 
may be educed from expansible materials, due to the 
expansion and contraction thereof on changes of tem- 
perature, and the said energy either applied direct or 
stored and applied for the purpose of operating machines 
and devices of various kinds. 

I show and describe herein two forms of apparatus for 
obtaining such expansion and contraction and the re- 
quired energy therefrom, and I also show two forms in 
which the energy so obtained is accumulated and stored. 
In connection therewith, I show the application of my 
invention to the running of clocks, but it will be under- 
stood that the invention is not limited in its application 
to that particular class of machine, and that it may be 
applied to any use of which it is susceptible. 

It is well known that all metals are capable of some 
degree of expansion and contraction, and ; ome metals 
have this property in greater degree than others. The 
amount of expansion for each degree rise in temperature 
is quite regular, and is called the co-efficient of expansion. 
It is also well known that zinc has this property in 
greater degree than any other of the solid metals, its 
co-efficient of linear expansion being appreciably higher. 
For this reason, as well as because of its relatively low 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



cost, I preferably make use of zinc in the construction 
of the expansible parts of my apparatus. 

One of the objects of my invention, therefore, is to 
provide an expansion device of novel construction and 
arrangement, which will generate energy and maintain 
motion during changes in temperature, to such an ap- 
preciable and useful amount, as to constitute it in fact 
a temperature motor. 

A further object of my invention is to provide means 
for accumulating or storing the energy thus generated. 

A further object is to provide means for applying the 
energy thus generated and stored. 

Other objects, such as compactness, durability and 
comparatively low cost of the apparatus, will appear in 
the following description, in which reference is had to 
the accompanying drawings. 

In the drawings: — 

Fig. 1 is a front elevation, showing the application of 
my invention to a clock provided, in this case, with a 
mainspring as usual; 

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same with a part re- 
moved ; 

Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective detail showing how 
the strips forming part of the expansion member or coil 
are connected up ; 

Fig. 4 is a sectional view, on lines 5 — 5 of Fig. 1 ; 

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail elevation, with parts re- 
moved ; 

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail cross section of the central 
portion of the apparatus, with part broken away; 

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the same with parts broken 
away; 

Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail of the upper portion of the 
apparatus shown in Fig. 4, with parts removed; 

Fig. 9 is a perspective detail, partly broken away; 

Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail of a portion of the 
ratchet mechanism shown in the lower portion of Figs. 
6 and 7 ; 

Fig. 11 is an enlarged section of a flexible coupling 
shown in Fig. 7 ; 

Fig. 12 is an elevation of a modification of the ex- 
pansion coil; 

Fig. 12^ is a perspective view showing how two of 
such modified expansion coils may be connected ; 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 33 

Fig. 13 is a front elevation showing my invention ap- 
plied to another form of force storage mechanism ; 

Fig. 14 is a plan view of same, on lines 14 — 14 of 
Fig. 13; 

Fig. 15 is a rear elevation on lines 15 — 15 of Fig. 14; 

Fig. 16 is a vertical section on lines 16 — 16 of Fig. 14; 

Fig. 17 is an enlarged detail of part of the apparatus 
shown in the upper portion of Fig. 16; 

Fig. 18 is an enlarged detail of the ball-discharging 
means shown in the lower portion of Fig. 16; 

Fig. 19 is an enlarged detail of the loading device 
shown in the opposite part of the lower portion of Fig. 
16; and 

Fig. 20 is a plan view on lines 20 — 20 of Fig. 13. 

Referring to the construction illustrated in Fig. 1 to 11, 
inclusive, B represents the outer frame of the apparatus. 

Mounted within the outer frame B is an inner frame 
comprising the uprights C, C^, which are rigidly secured 
by cross-bars D^, D^. 

The outer frame B, as well as the inner frame up- 
rights C, C^ are preferably formed of wood or other 
material capable of a low degree of expansion. 

Within the upper and lower ends of the inner frame 
are anti-friction knife-bars E,Ei,the upper one of which, 
E, has each end within a vertically disposed slot E^ in 
the uprights C, C^, within which said knife -bar may be 
moved vertically, as hereinafter described. 

Each end of the lower knife-bar E^ lies immovable 
within a recess in a plate E'' mounted on each of the 
uprights C, Ci. 

These knife-bars, which are preferably formed of 
hardened steel, have oppositely disposed relatively sharp 
edges K'\ which act as bearings for a series of horizon- 
tally disposed anti-friction levers, F, F^, which I will 
term balance-levers, since they are intended to balance 
evenly and freely on the thin edges of the knife-bars 
with little friction somewhat in the nature of a scale- 
balance. These levers are pivotally connected to a series 
of metallic expansion strips G, G^, G^, G^, etc., the con- 
struction and arrangement and manner of connecting up 
the same being more clearly shown in Fig. 3. 

It will be observed that the arrangement of the levers 
F and expansion strips G, G^, etc., is such as to form, in 
effect, a spiral, the short strip G being connected to one 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



end of one of the balance-levers F, and the strip G being 
connected at its lower end to the opposite end of said 
lever, the upper end of said strip G^ being connected to 
one end of the first one of the levers F^. To the opposite 
end of said lever F^ the upper end of strip G^ is connected, 
the lower end of said strip being connected to the left- 
hand end of the second one of the levers F, and so on to 
the final short strip G"". The levers F, F^ must be 
formed of a metal capable of withstanding great strain 
without bending, and for this purpose I prefer to use the 
metal known as macadamite. 

For convenience of designation, I will refer to each 
of these groups of balance-levers F, F^, and expansion 
strips G, G^, etc., as expansion coils, and while I have 
herein shown but two sets of such expansion coils, it is to 
be understood that there may be any number of such 
sets desired, and any desired number of strips and levers 
composing such coils, depending upon the character of the 
work to be performed. 

Furthermore, I desire it to be understood that when 
I use the terms "strips" — as characterizing the members 
connecting the balance levers — either in the specifica- 
tion or claims, I do not limit myself to the form of con- 
necting member or "strips" shown, but mean to include 
in the use of the term "strips" any other form such as 
wires, rods or bars of either square, round, hexagonal or 
other cross sectional shape. 

The ends of the short strips G, G'' are connected by 
wires H, H^ with the opposite ends of what I will term a 
coil lever I, which, as more clearly shown in Fig. 5, is 
keyed to a shaft J, which latter has its end journaled 
upon the cross-bars J^, J- secured to the uprights C, C^ 
of the inner frame of the apparatus, and this shaft I will 
name a coil shaft. 

Keyed to the coil shaft J is a lever K, which it may be 
pioper to designate as a stress lever, since from it is sus- 
pended a weight Ki, the function of which is to place a 
certain amount of stress upon the series of expansion 
strips and balance-levers composing the expansion coil, 
keeping the metal of the strips slightly stretched and 
preventing any loss of motion at the different points of 
connection, and thereby furthering a very important 
object, which is to make of each series of expansion strips 




">, N^, 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 37 

and balance-levers a single spiral unit, throughout which 
the expansion and contraction of the strips are trans- 
mitted. 

Also keyed to the shaft J is a power transmisson lever 
L, and any rotary motion imparted to said shaft is neces- 
sarily imparted to the lever L in the form of reciprocating 
motion. 

Referring now to the power storage device, one or a 
number of which may be used in connection with my 
expansion coils. 

Disposed approximately midway of the uprights C, C^ 
and within casing M, secured at its ends to said uprights, 
is rotatably mounted a power transmission shaft M^, keyed 
to which is a spur wheel M^. Also mounted on the shaft 
Ml is a spur wheel M^, meshing with which at its upper 
and lower sides are two spur wheels M*, M^, loosely 
mounted upon short supporting shafts M^, M'', journaled 
in uprights M^, M*^ secured to the casing M. To each 
of the spur wheels M^, M^ is secured the outer end of a 
coil spring M9, Mio, respectively, the inner ends of said 
springs being secured to the respective shafts M^, M^, 
the arrangement being such that when the springs are 
placed under tension by the rotation of the shafts 
M6, M", the force of the springs rotates the spur wheels 
M*, M% thereby rotating the spur wheel M3, shaft Mi 
and the spur wheel M^. 

Also mounted upon each of the respective short shafts 
M«, M7, and keyed thereto, is a ratchet wheel M^, M12, 
and adjacent thereto and loosely mounted upon each of 
said shafts M6, M^ is a pawl carrier plate Mis, mi*, 
each carrying a pawl indicated at Mis, MI6, which is 
adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheels MH, 
M12, being held in engagement therewith by springs, one 
of which is shown at Mi^, secured to said pawl carrier 
M13. Suitably mounted upon the casing M, and 
adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheels MH, 
M12, is a detent Mi9, to prevent reverse movement of 
said ratchet wheels. 

The pawl carrier plate Mis is provided with a pin M21, 
and secured thereby loosely to said carrier is one end of 
a connecting rod M^i^, the other end of said connecting 
rod being connected to one end of a longitudinally flex- 
ible coupling M22, the other end of said coupling being 
secured by means of the connecting rod M^s to the power 



38 BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 

transmission lever L. The function of the flexible coup- 
ling M22 will be hereinafter referred to. 

The pawl carrier M^^ also carries, at its lower end, a 
pin N, and loosely mounted thereon is one end of a con- 
necting rod N^, the other end of said rod being connected 
to a pin N2 secured to the pawl carrier M^*, whereby, 
when motion is imparted to pawl carrier M^s and, 
through the pawl M^^"" to the ratchet wheel M^^, motion 
is imparted to the pawl carrier M^^^ and through its pawl 
M16 to the ratchet wheel M^^. From the pin N2 is 
suspended a weight N^ to return the pawl carriers to 
their lowermost positions when they complete their up- 
ward travel. 

The flexible coupling M-2 comprises a tubular casing 
N4, which is provided at one end with an opening N^, 
through which projects a rod N^ having a head N'^, 
which is adapted to bear against a spiral spring N^ 
mounted within said casing, the other end of said rod 
N6 being connected to the rod M23. 

The operation of the apparatus, as thus far described, 
will be more readily apparent from an inspection of 
Fig. 5. 

Assuming that the expansion coil there shown has 
been subject to a normal temperature of say 75 degrees 
Fahrenheit, and at that temperature the lever L is in the 
position shown in full lines on a decrease in temperature 
of say 10 degrees, the contraction of the coil, which will 
operate upon its entire length, will exert a pressure at 
the ends thereof in the direction of the arrows, the result 
of which will be to rotate the shaft J and raise the lever 
L against the force of the weighted lever K (carrying 
the latter therewith) to the position shown in dotted 
lines, thereby actuating the ratchet wheels M^^, M.^^, 
and winding up the springs M^, M^o, of the power- 
storage device, the force there stored being afterwards 
taken off, as required, through the medium of the power 
transmission shaft M^ and spur wheel M^ and any suit- 
able gearing or power transmission means. 

The function of the flexible coupling indicated at M.^^ 
will now be quite clear. It will be seen that the coil 
spring N8 will be sufficiently strong not to give under 
the pull of the lever L except when the springs M^, M.^^ 
are wound full. When that condition exists, the coil 
spring N8 will give, under the force of the lever L, and 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



no further power will be applied to the springs M^, M^o_ 
When, however, those springs have become unwound 
to a sufficient extent the spring N^ of the coupling M22 
will be stronger than the springs of the power-storage 
device and will transmit, from the expansion coil, the 
force necessary to wind said springs as often as they be- 
come unwound ; in other cases the force will be expended 
in simply compressing the coil spring N^ without effect 
upon the springs of the power-storage device. 

Referring now to what I will term the force-increasing 
devices, which are more clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 
8 and 9. 

Near each end of the upper knife-bar E, and contacting 
therewith at its under surface, is a support O, in the 
form of a flat-headed bolt (Fig. 8), the shank of said 
bolt passing through one end of lever O^, which is ful- 
crumed at O^ upon the upper surface of a cross-bar O^ 
securely fastened to the rear portion of the uprights 
C, C^. To the front of said uprights is rigidly secured a 
second cross-bar 0""=, and at the lower portion of said up- 
rights and rigidly secured thereto is a third cross-bar 
0°, against the under surface of which rests a lever O^ 
(Fig. 9) having its fulcrum point at O^. 

As shown in Fig. 2, there are three sets of the levers 
Qi, at the upper end of the expansion coils at the rear 
side thereof below the knife-bars E, one lever at each end 
of said bar and one in the middle thereof. As these 
levers act directly upon the under surface of the knife- 
bars E to raise the same I will call them knife-bar lifting- 
levers. There are also the same number of levers O^ 
at the lower end of the expansion coils below the cross- 
bar 05 projecting through to the forward side of the ap- 
paratus, as shown in Fig. 1, 

Rigidly secured to the cross-bar O* is one end of a 
relatively heavy metallic expansion strip O^, — prefer- 
ably formed of zinc — the lower end being secured to one 
end of the lever O^; to the opposite end of the lever O^ 
is secured the lower end of a similar but longer zinc strip 
09, the upper end of the strip O^ being secured to the 
rear end of the lever 0\ As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, 
there are two of these strips O^ at the front and two of 
the strips O^ at the rear of the apparatus. 

In addition to the heavy strips O^, O^, there is pro- 
vided at the front of the apparatus a heavy wide ex- 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



pansion sheet or strip O^o, which, at its upper end, is 
rigidly secured to the cross-bar O*, and at its lower end 
to the front end of the middle one of the levers O^. A 
similar heavy wide expansion sheet or strip O^i is se- 
cured, at its lower end, to the rear end of the middle 
lever O^, and, at its upper end, to the middle one of the 
levers Qi. 

These heavy strips Qs, O^ and sheets O^o, O^^ are 
preferably formed of zinc, and are not only capable of 
great expansion and contraction, but will be capable by 
their contraction of lifting the entire weight of the knife.- 
bars E, with the carried balance-levers and expansion 
strips of expansion coils, the operation thereof being as 
follows : 

The front strips O^ and rear strips O^ and the front 
sheets O}^ and the rear sheets O^^ are connected to the 
levers O^, so as to form, in effect, single expansion strips 
and sheets of relatively great length. They are fastened, 
however, at their front upper ends to the cross-bars 
O*, so that the expansion cannot extend beyond that 
point and takes place in a direction towards the opposite 
end, and, of course, the contraction takes place in the 
opposite direction. Assuming now that at a temperature 
of say 75 degrees Fahr. these heavy strips and sheets lie 
in the position shown in Figs. 4 and 9 (the heavy strips 
OS, C-' being shown in Fig. 9, and the heavy wide sheets 
Qio, Oil in Fig. 4), on a decrease in temperature of say 
five degrees Fahr., the heavy strips C^, G^ and sheets 
Oil, 012 will contract in the direction of the arrows, 
depressing the rear ends of the levers Oi, C^, and thereby 
through the levers Oi lifting the knife-bars E, and the 
balance-levers suspended thereon, with the result that 
the force normally exerted at the ends of each expansion 
coil is increased to the extent of the lifting power of the 
contraction of the metal strips and sheets. 

I have found by experiment as well as observation 
that the average daily change of temperature in resi- 
dence and office buildings is about five degrees. Some- 
times the changes will be much greater, and some- 
times less. On even a low average of temperature 
change, my apparatus will be able to generate force in 
larger amounts than required, and the surplus will be 
stored in a power-storage device such as above described, 
or by means hereinafter referred to, which surplus will 



^^.^- 



^'O.S. 



y^Z 



^ J/-" 




^m^m^:^:i 






^- 



E=e 






m 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



be drawn upon when it should happen that the average 
temperature is approximately uniform. 

For clearness of illustration, I have shown, as above 
stated, but two sets of expansion coils, but there is no 
limit to the number that may be used. Assuming that 
we have an apparatus with four expansion coils, each 
knife-bar holding 50 balance levers, giving a total of 
200 levers, with expansion strips of the same number, in 
5-foot lengths, we would have a total of 1,000 linear 
feet of zinc strips, which entire length of strips will, on 
the slightest change of temperature, get longer or 
shorter. The expansion and contracting of this 1,000 
feet of zinc strips for every temperature change of 5 
degrees Fahr. will be 1 inch. Now, assuming that the 
knife-bars are pulled upward by heavy strips O*", O^, and 
sheets O^o, O^i of five feet length (making ten feet for 
the front and rear strips and sheets), on a decrease in 
temperature of 5 degrees Fahr. the upward movement of 
those bars will be 10-1000 of one inch; this contraction 
(10-1000) will now be multiplied as many times as there 
are levers and strips in the expansion coils, viz., 200 
times, which would be 2 inches, and this, together with 
1 inch from the contraction of the expansion coils 
alone, will give a total movement of 3 inches. If the 
strips are of a capacity to pull or lift 100 pounds, we ob- 
tain a lift of 100 pounds 3 inches. As thirty-three 
per cent approximately must be deducted for loss by 
stress (it being necessary to place the coils under strain, 
as shown in the drawings and described above) , the final 
result will be a power to Hft 100 pounds 2 inches, or 10 
pounds 20 inches, and this force will be sufficient to run 
a large sized time clock with powerful striking force. 

As illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, the power applied 
by the springs M^, M^o to the power transmission shaft 
Ml is taken, through the spur wheel M^ by means of any 
suitable gearing, to run a clock or any other machine 
adapted to the purpose. As there illustrated, I show 
the spur wheel M2 meshing with a pinion P, through 
which is driven the spur wheel P^, which latter meshes 
with a pinion P2, through which is driven a sprocket 
wheel P'^ carried by the bracket P'^, which latter, as well 
as the shafts carrying said spur wheels and pinions, are 
supported by an upright P^ mounted upon the casing M. 
The sprocket wheel PS carries a sprocket chain P6, 



45 BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 

which, through any suitable gearing, is adapted to wind 
the main spring of a clock indicated at Q, carried by- 
suitable supports on the cross-bar Qi secured to the up- 
rights C, Ci. As this clock may be of any well known 
form, it will not be necessary to describe the same in 
detail, except to state that as soon as the main spring 
of the clock becomes weaker than the springs of the 
power-storage device illustrated in Fig. 7, the latter will 
wind the clock main spring, and as in this manner it is 
wound frequently, it is always kept at a uniform high 
tension, which is desirable and results in good time- 
keeping. 

In Fig. 12 I show a modification of my invention, 
wherein, instead of having the balance-levers F, F^ ar- 
ranged side by side, they are superposed one above the 
other, in this case a plurality of knife-bars E, E^ also be- 
ing superposed one above the other, the expansion strips 
G, Qi, etc. (in this case shown as formed of wires or rods), 
and balance-levers being arranged in the same plane, 
somewhat in the nature of a coiled spring, the coil shaft 
being indicated at J and the coil lever at I, to which are 
connected the end expansion strips G, G'^, and the weight 
K^ for placing the coil under tension. By this arrange- 
ment of balance-levers and expansion strips, in the same 
plane, much economy of space is effected, and when 
desired, a great number of such coils may be suspended 
upon the series of knife-bars. 

In Fig. 12^ I show two such coils connected in series, 
the terminal expansion strip G^ of the front coil being 
connected to one end of the lever I, and the opposite 
terminal G of that coil being connected to the shortest 
one of the rear set of levers F^^^, the terminal G^ of the 
rear set being connected to the other end of the lever I. 
Thus two or more such coils may be connected, and the 
force of expansion and contraction of the combined coils 
transmitted to the lever I. When a number of such com- 
bined coils are suspended from the knife-bars E, Ei, the 
levers connecting their respective terminals may be 
themselves connected by a system of compound levers 
such, for example, as shown in Fig. 13, to be hereinafter 
referred to. 

Referring now to Figs. 13 to 20 inclusive. These 
figures illustrate another form of the invention whereby 
not only the power-storage device of the preceding fig- 




'm'-'m4 



M-" 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 49 

ures may be dispensed with, but also the main spring of 
the clock there shown, both of these elements being sup- 
planted by apparatus effecting the raising and lowering 
of weights (in this instance shown in the form of balls), 
the force of expansion and contraction of the coils being 
utilized to operate a rotary member which elevates a 
series of weights and discharges the same into a storage 
receiver, the clock (or other machine) being operated 
through the energy so stored and given up by the falling 
of said weights. 

As illustrated in said figures, this feature of the in- 
vention consists of a frame, indicated in whole at 10, 
located about midway the length of the expansion coils 
shown in Fig. 1, and it may be supported by securing it 
to the uprights C, C^, or in any other suitable manner. 

Said frame comprises two horizontally disposed longi- 
tudinal framing members, 10^, 10^, which are connected 
at each end by cross-bars (not shown). 

Mounted on the supports 10^, lO^^, are four uprights, 
12* 12b, 13a, 13b. The uprights 12^ 12^ are connected 
at their upper ends by a longitudinal framing member 
14a, and the uprights 13^ 13^* are connected by longi- 
tudinal framing member 14^, said framing members 
14a 14b being also in turn connected at their ends by 
transverse bars (not shown), said members constituting 
an open frame for the working parts of the apparatus. 

Mounted respectively upon the longitudinal framing 
members 10^ 10t>, approximately midway thereof, are 
two standards, IG*^ 16^, which are rigidly secured to- 
gether by a cross-bar 17, said standards and cross-bar 
constituting a rigid support for the gearing now to be 
described. 

Rotatably mounted upon the standards 16^, 16^ is a 
driving shaft 18, one end of which is journaled in the 
standard 16^, and the other end in a bearing-bolt 19 
passing through the standard 16t>, which, being threaded, 
is capable of fine adjustment. 

Mounted upon and keyed to the shaft 18 is a wheel 19, 
the spokes 20 of which support a rim 21, within which 
are set a series of pockets 22, the inner surfaces of which 
are so shaped as to permit their receiving successively, 
at the bottom of the wheel, a series of balls 23 and hold- 
ing the same during a travel of 180 degrees, or one-half 
revolution of the wheel, when they are discharged as 



50 BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 

hereinafter described. This wheel I will term an energy- 
storing wheel, since it acts through the force taken from 
the expansion coils to raise the balls, the lowering of 
which is to drive the wheel now to be described. 

Loosely mounted on the shaft 18 is a wheel 24, smaller 
in diameter than the wheel 19, the spokes 25 of which, 
secured to the hub 26, support a rim 27, within which 
are set a series of pockets 28, which are adapted to receive 
successively, at the top of the wheel, the balls 23, and 
discharge the same when they have been lowered through 
180 degrees or, in other words, at the bottom of the wheel. 
The inner wall of the pockets 28 is formed, for the most 
part, with a pronounced rounded groove (indicated at 
28^), as shown above the ball in Fig. 18, which groove 
lies under the ball when the pocket is in its uppermost 
position, as shown in Fig. 17, said groove becoming less 
pronounced at one edge towards the opposite portion of 
the pocket, at which point it has an approximately level 
surface at one side, as shown in Fig. 18, and indicated at 
28'^; the subject of this arrangement being that the ball 
may be readily discharged in this position, and securely 
held within the pocket when the ball and pocket are in 
other positions. The wheel 24 — which I will designate 
as the power-transmission wheel — is supported upon ball 
bearings indicated at 28^, 28"^, which are held in position 
by collars 28", 28^, both keyed to shaft 18. 

Mounted upon a collar 29, which is keyed to the driv- 
ing shaft 18, is a ratchet wheel 30, engaging the teeth of 
which are two pawls 31, 32, secured to one arm of a dou- 
ble-arm pawl-carrier 33, the other arm of which is con- 
nected by a rod 34 to a lever 35, one end of which lever 
is pivotally connected to a standard 36, secured to the 
frame, and the other end of which is provided with a 
weight 36*^. 

Near the inner end of the lever 35 connection is made 
by means of the connecting rods 37 and 38, link 39 and 
rods 40, 41, with two levers indicated at L, L, which are 
adapted to take power from the expansion coils hereto- 
fore described, through the coil shafts J, J, to which 
shafts are also connected the coil levers I, I, the ends of 
the latter being connected to the strips G, G'^ of the ex- 
pansion coil by the wires H, H^, as already set forth and 
clearly illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. 

As illustrated in Fig. 13, upon contraction of the ex- 



fi/if'^.W. 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 53 

pansion coils, the wires H, Ri will be pulled in the direc- 
tion indicated by the arrows, the ends of the long arms 
of the levers L, L — through the movement of the shafts 
J, J — will rise, thereby, through the rods 40, 41, link 39 
and rods 38, 37, raising the lever 35, and through the rod 
34 actuating the pawl carrier 33, and through the pawls 
31, 32, imparting rotary motion to the ratchet wheel 30, 
and, through it, to the shaft 18 and the power-storing 
wheel 19, said pawl carrier being returned to its normal 
position by the weight 36^^. Motion of said wheel and 
shaft in the reverse direction is prevented by means of a 
ratchet wheel 42, keyed to the collar 29, engaging the 
teeth of which wheel is a detent 43, carried by a plate 
44, secured to the supports 45, affixed to the standard 16^. 

The hub member 26 of the power transmission wheel 
24 is provided with a sprocket wheel 46, which is adapted 
to engage and drive a sprocket chain 47, and thereby 
drive the great wheel of a clock mechanism or gearing 
of any other machine adapted to the purpose. 

Having shown the mechanism for driving the energy- 
storing wheel 19, which, as already stated, is keyed to 
the shaft 18, I will now describe the mechanism for driv- 
ing the power transmission wheel 24, which runs loose on 
the shaft 18. 

It will be seen from an inspection of Fig. 16 that the 
wheel 19 is of greater diameter than the wheel 24. 

Suitably mounted between said wheels, on cross-bars 
48, 49, I provide a series of ball-storage runways 
designated in whole at 50 (see Fig. 14), and, as shown in 
Fig. 16, these runways are laterally inclined down- 
wardly from the wheel 19 to the wheel 24. 

Similar ball runways designated in whole at 51 are 
provided at the lower portion of said wheels and between 
the same (Fig. 20), being mounted upon cross-bars 52, 
53, but the last named runways are laterally inclined in 
the reverse direction to that of the runways 50. 

The ball-storage runways 50 comprise inclined floor 
members 54, 54^, 54'^, each having longitudinally a slight 
downward inclination in the direction of the arrows. 
These runways also comprise longitudinally extending 
walls 55, 56, 57, 58, one end of the wall 55 being curved 
to meet one end of the wall 57, leaving a passageway 59 
between it and one end of the wall 56. One end of the 
wall 58 is similarly curved to meet one end of the wall 56, 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



leaving a passageway 60 between it and one end of the 
wall 57. Thus are provided parallel runways 61, 62 and 
63, with passageways from one to the other, whereby a 
ball deposited in runway 61 will move continuously from 
that end of the series of runways to the other end. The 
runway 61 is provided with an end wall 61^, and adjacent 
thereto the longitudinal wall 55 is provided with an 
opening 61^ to permit the passage therethrough success- 
ively of balls from the energy-storing wheel 19 to the 
runway 61. 

Projecting through the standard 16^ is a threaded 
bolt 63^, the end of the shank of which is beveled, as 
clearly shown in Figs. 14 and 16, the function of which 
is to eject from the uppermost pocket 22 of the wheel 19, 
as the same revolves, the balls 23, and thrust them suc- 
cessively into the runway 61. 

At the lower end of the runway 63 is provided a 
laterally movable receptacle 64, which has a receiving 
capacity of one ball only. Said receptacle comprises a 
base 65 and perpendicular stop 66. The base 65 is con- 
nected to the floor member 54'^ of the runway 63 by a 
horizontally disposed hinge 67, and to it is also affixed a 
plate 68, carrying a downwardly extending lever arm 69, 
which is formed at its lower extremity with an outwardly 
curving portion 70, which is adapted to engage with the 
spokes 25 of the wheel 24 and be thereby pressed in- 
wardly, the result of which is to depress the outer end 
of the base 65 of the ball receptacle 64, inclining the 
same in such position that the ball therein will fall into 
the adjacent pocket of the wheel 24, the ball being pre- 
vented from falling therefrom on the opposite side by the 
stop 71 secured to the standard 16*. The center of 
gravity of the lever arm 69 is such that when the curved 
lower portion is in its normal forwardly extended posi- 
tion the rear side of the base 65 of the receptacle 64 will 
be depressed and the forward side elevated, so that the 
forward side will normally project above the floor level 
of the runway 63 and serve as a stop to prevent more than 
one ball occupying any of the space within said re- 
ceptacle at one time. 

The ball-storage runways 51 comprise inclined floor 
members 72, 72*, 72^, each having a slight downward in- 
clination longitudinally in the direction of the arrows. 
They also comprise longitudinally extending walls 73,, 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



74, 75 and 76, one end of the wall 73 being curved to 
meet one end of the wall 75, leaving a passageway 77 
between it and one end of the wall 74. One end of the 
wall 76 is similarly curved to meet one end of the wall 74, 
leaving a passageway 78 between it and the other end 
of the wall 75. There are thus formed parallel runways 
79, 80 and 81, with passageways from one to the other, 
whereby a ball deposited at the other end of the run- 
way 79 will move continuously from that end of the 
series of runways to the other end. The runway 79 is 
provided with an end wall 82, and adjacent thereto the 
longitudinal wall 76 is provided with an opening 76^ to 
permit the passage therethrough, at intervals, of balls 
from the power-transmission wheel 24 to the runway 79. 
Adjacent the wall 82 is perpendicularly disposed pin 82* 
whereby the balls, as they pass through the opening in 
the wall 76 are deflected to pass through the runway 79 
in the direction of the arrow. 

At the lower end of the runway 81 is provided a 
laterally movable receptacle 83, which has a receiving 
capacity for one ball only. Said receptacle comprises a 
base 84 and end stop 85. Said receptacle is horizontally 
hinged at 86 to the floor member 72 of the runway 81, 
and is provided with an outward extension 87, which is 
adapted to be engaged by a shoulder 88 on the ball 
pockets 22, and thereby depress the outer edge of the 
base of the receptacle in such a way as to eject the ball 
therefrom, and place the same in the pocket of the 
wheel 19. 

It will be seen that the hinge 86 (Fig. 19) is off center 
and when the base 84 of the receptacle 83 is depressed at 
the rear the upper end of a pin 89, projecting upwardly 
from the base 84 contacts with the upper portion of the 
wall 74, thereby preventing the rear portion of the base 
being depressed too low. When a ball is in said re- 
ceptacle, the forward end will be elevated so that a por- 
tion of the side edge of the base will be projected above 
the floor member of the runway 81, serving as a stop to 
prevent more than one ball occupying any of the space 
within said receptacle. When one ball moves into a 
pocket 22, another ball quickly moves into the receptacle, 
taking its position at the rear thereof. This operation 
takes place when the base 84 is level with the floor mem- 
ber of the runway 81, the outer end of the base rising as 



58 BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 

soon as the pocket and its ball have passed by the pro- 
jection 87. 

It will be seen that the energy-storing wheel 19, which 
takes its motive power through the shaft 18 from the 
expansion coils, acts to raise the balls or weights from 
the lower ball runways 51 to the ball storage runways 
50. The wheel 19 may act at more or less irregular inter- 
vals, while the power transmission wheel 24 acts— and 
must act — continuously and regularly. This wheel takes 
and transmits power from the lowering of the balls, 
which are delivered to it when the pockets are in the 
position of the one shown uppermost in Fig. 15, and are 
discharged from the pockets when in the position of the 
one shown lowermost in said figure, in which position of 
the wheel the approximately flat surface of the pocket 
(Fig. 18) is lowermost, or under the ball, permitting 
ready discharge of same. From the delivery side of the 
power transmission wheel 24 the balls are discharged into 
the runway 79, being deflected into proper direction by 
the pin 83*^, thence passing through the passageway 78 
through the runway 80 in the direction of the arrow, 
thence through the opening 77 into the runway 81, thence 
into receptacle 83, and when the shoulder. 88 of the 
energy-storing wheel 19 reaches a point opposite said 
receptacle the base of the latter is depressed, which re- 
sults in passing a ball into the wheel pocket; as the wheel 
turns and the next pocket arrives in position another ball 
is taken on, and so on, as long as there are any balls in 
the lower runway. When a ball on the wheel 19 reaches 
the uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 16, it contacts 
with the ejector 63*" and is thereby passed into the run- 
way 61 and thence to the lower end of that series of run- 
ways, and in the same way the balls following will take 
position in the upper series of runways. 

It will be understood that when my invention is ap- 
plied to the operation of a clock the power taken from 
the power transmission wheel 24 will be given up grad- 
ually, being controlled by the pendulum or balance 
wheel governed escapement in the usual way. 

In the application of my invention as last above de- 
scribed the apparatus will be designed and built to fur- 
nish energy sufficient not only to run the clock, but pro- 
vide a surplus for storage. On some days the variation 
in temperature may be but two or three degrees, and on 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



BANGERTERS PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 61 

other days it may be as high as twenty degrees. If the 
clock requires for its operation the lowering of three balls 
each day the apparatus will be so arranged that with an 
average daily temperature variation of, say, six degrees, 
four balls will be raised, of which three will operate the 
power transmission wheel and one will be held in storage. 
With a variation of twelve degrees, eight balls will be 
raised, of which five balls will be left in storage. If the 
ball storage runways each have a holding capacity for 
one hundred balls, and the variation in temperature is 
greater than required, the balls will soon be lifted from 
the lower to the upper runways. Assuming that on 
certain days there will be no variation in temperature, 
and as a result the energy-storing wheel should not re- 
volve, the running of the clock will not be interrupted, 
for the power transmission wheel will continue revolving, 
taking its power from the balls in storage. 

I wish it understood that I do not confine myself to 
the precise details of construction and arrangement of 
parts as herein set forth and described or to the materials 
specified, as modification and variation may be made 
without departing from the spirit of the invention as 
defined by the appended claims. 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 



I 




BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME CLOCK 




BANGERTER'S NON-ELECTRIC REGULATOR TIME 
CLOCK— ANNIVERSARY SELF-WINDING. 



Patent Applied for, 1911. 



BANGERTER'S NON.ELECTRIC REGULATOR 

TIME CLOCK 

ANNIVERSARY SELF-WINDING 



The Bangerter Anniversary Self-Winding Regulator deserves 
this title because its construction embodies all the principles 
essential to a Regulator to be the very best time-keeper. "Graham 
dead-beat escapement" and a pendulum provided with means for 
keeping its gravity always the same length, overcoming the varia- 
tion which change in temperature invariably brings about. 

Another great improvement is the daily Self-Winding Sys- 
tem, winding a weight which is the only means of maintaining an 
even pull to the delicate works of the clock. Wound by a force 
which requires attention one minute a year only. 

This invention relates to clocks, and particularly that class 
wherein a pendulum escapement is employed and wherein the 
clock-train is weight driven. 

It is well known to those skilled in the art that the most ac- 
curate and reliable clocks are those which are driven by a weight. 
Most of such clocks are provided with a plurality of weights, one 
being used to supply the energy necessary to strike the time, and 
the other the energy for operating the clock-train, and in clocks 
of such construction they have to be wound frequently, usually 
either daily or weekly. 

Many attempts have been made to produce clocks which will 
run for a relatively long time without requiring the attention of 
an attendant to wind the same. In such clocks (other than elec- 
trical clocks) powerful springs have been employed, one of such 
springs being used for time-striking and the other for actuating 
the clock-train. Clocks of this class designed to run for an ex- 
tended length of time, such, for example, as period of, say, a year 
or more, have been indifferent time-keepers, due to the fact that 
the power of the springs becomes materially lessened during the 
latter part of the cycle of operations. Therefore, spring-oper- 
ated clocks, calculated to be run for any great length of time, 
have been more or less unsatisfactory, and have not gone into 
very extensive use. 

Ttie object of my invention is to provide a clock which will 
not require the attention of an attendant but once in a long 
period of time, and which will also be an accurate time-keeper. 

A further object is to provide a clock operated by a uni- 
formly pulling weight, the pull of which is not varied by the 
lifting of said weight. 

A further object is to provide a power-storage device and 
power transmission mechanism and automatic devices connected 
thereto, whereby the power of said power-storage mechanism is 
utilized to wind up the clock — that is to say, to lift the clock- 
train operating weight at certain definitely recurring intervals 
of time. 

A further object of my invention is to provide, in connection 
^vith such power-storage mechanism, time-striking means oper- 



ANNIVERSARY SELF-WINDING REGULATOR 



ated by said power-storage device, which being independent of 
the clock-train operating means does not interfere therewith. 

A further object of my invention is to provide a single power- 
storage mechanism which will afford the power to strike the 
time and effect the winding of the clock, doing away with two 
sets of mechanism (one for each purpose), as heretofore used. 

A further object of my invention is to provide such a power- 
storage device that with one winding of the same the clock may 
be k€pt running, and also striking the time, for a year or more in 
duration. 

A further object of my invention is to provide means in con- 
nection with said power-storage device whereby the winding of 
the clock-train does not interfere with continuous running and 
perfect time-keeping of the clock, and does not require any sup- 
plemental propelling mechanism for the clock-train during the 
winding operation. 




DRAWING OF BANGERTER'S SELF-WINDING CLOCK. 




BANGERTER'S FIRE DETECTOR AND FIRE ALARM. 

This is the most marvelous little machine that science has 
ever devised to watch your house day and night. It is the truest 
of all Watch Dogs and will in case of fire make such a loud and 
noisy alarm that you will wake up from the deepest of sleeps. 
It calls when the fire is at its infancy, in time to save you and 
your beloved ones. It is a most simple little apparatus requiring 
no electricity, no wiring or connections, no care of any kind; 
just as reliable after it has been hanging in your room for twenty 
years as it was when newly installed. 





BANGERTER'S FIRE ALARM AND SPRINKLER. 

More than a hundred million dollars is the yearly loss by 
fire in the United States; 50 per cent, of this loss is by water. 
How important therefore is Bangerter's "Watch Dog Fire Alarm 
and Sprinkler," regulated to ring, first a loud call when a fire is 
in its infancy. A watchman or anyone hearing the call can rush 
to the place and extinguish the fire. The sprinkler will only 
work when the alarm call is not attended to. Our Fire Alarm 
and Sprinkler system can be connected to piping from the water 
main, or to the tank on the roof of a building, but can also be 
installed in any place if there should be no watfer piping or tank. 
In this case a water tank of from twenty to one hundred gallons 
of water has to be installed. This tank can be set in any out 
of the way place. Compressed air keeps this water under high 
pressure, and in case of fire the valves are automatically opened 
and the sprinkler will act with efficacious result. 



BRIEF BIOGRAPHY 

OF 

FRIEDRICH BANGERTER 



Friedrich Bangerter can justly lay claim to being one 
of this country's leading inventors. 

He has some fifty inventions to his credit. 

He has been honored with Silver and Gold Medals 
and Diplomas. 

His displays at great World's Expositions have oc- 
casioned the utmost favorable comment. 

His splendid record speaks for itself and shows the 
profound student, the practical machinist and brainy 
inventor of worldwide experience with a long list of 
successes to his credit. 

Born in Lyss, Switzerland, in 1868, at the age of 16 he 
entered the machine shop of his town's watch factory 
as an apprentice. There he was favored with the op- 
portunity to become familiar with all sorts of tools and 
machines used in making watches. 

By the age of 22 he so progressed that "all by himself" 
he constructed all the necessary machines to make 
watches and added so many important improvements, 
embracing such automatic devices and machines in 
which hands, moving from place to place, picking up 
pieces of work, then setting them in the right positions 
(operating with such perfection and precision) that he 
was called a wizard. One of these automatic machines 
would pick up blanks from a wire, set them in the ma- 
chine from one to twenty-four at a time and cut the 
teeth of watch gearing perfectly. 

Another of Bangerter's machines would take small, 
Lmooth, round steel rods and automatically make 
perfectly finished pinions with pivots, shoulders and 
smallest holes. 

An automatic trumpet of his invention would play a 
complete tune and was so simple in operation that a one- 
year-old child, by simply blowing in it, could play it. 



82 BIOGRAPHY OF FRIEDRICH BANGERTER 

United States Patent 543668 for a Hair Clipper, 
issued to F. Bangerter, San Francisco, is specified as 
follows : — 

543668. Hair Clipper. Fred Bangerter, San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., assignor, by mesne assignments, to 
Charles H. Greene, same place. Filed July 21, 1894. 
Renewed July 2, 1895. Serial No. 554,715. (No 
model.) 

Claim 1. In a Hair Clipper, the combination of 
the stationary and movable plates, a pair of pivoted 
handles, one of said handles being hinged or connected 
with one of said plates so that the device may be turned 
to different angles, an opposing plate having its rear 
portion recessed and provided with rearwardly and up- 
wardly extending curved arms, and the other handle 
having arms adapted to enter the recess of said plate 
and engage the curved arms thereof in whatever position 
the device is turned. 

In 1892 he exhibited an automatic figure in a big de- 
partment store in San Francisco which drew a complete 
portrait of Christopher Columbus. 

United States Patent 512089 was issued to Mr. 
Bangerter for an "Automatic Delineating Machine," a 
toy doll which would correctly write the complete al- 
phabet. Later he so improved this figure that it could 
spell and talk while writing. 

At the Paris Exposition in 1900 he exhibited a most 
remarkable machine which made collar buttons. Three 
rods of metal were used at the same time — one to make 
the head of the button, one the bottom or base, and the 
other the stud. The three parts of the collar button 
were perfectly made and finished. 

The head was drilled and tapped, the stud was 
threaded and screwed into the head while spun into the 
base or bottom. The manufactured collar buttons fell 
into a box at the rate of 300 an hour — thus effecting a 
great economy of metal. 

In 1905, at the Belgium Exposition, he displayed an 
intensely interesting novelty — an "Automatic Jeweler" 
— which, with arm and hand, operated an ordinary ma- 
chine which turned out perfectly made collar buttons 
of which thousands were sold within the Exposition 
Grounds. 

A most marvelous contrivance was his four-spindle 




BANGERTER'S AUTOMATIC FOUR SPINDLE WATCH 

CHAIN MACHINE, 

Composed of Over Three Thousand Parts. 



BIOGRAPHY OF FRIEDRICH BANGERTER 85 

automatic watch chain machine composed of over three 
thousand parts. 

This machine made from wire of four different metals, 
namely, gold, silver, nickel and German silver, being 
fed into the machine at the same time would auto- 
matically make four watch chains of four different pat- 
terns completely and properly finished. The chain 
itself, an invention of Mr. Bangerter, was called the 
Bangerter Chain. Patent sold in France. 

BANGERTER' S POWDERLESS GUN. 

Invention which THE LONDON DAILY TELE- 
GRAPH calls the Bangerter Gun, a marvel and master- 
piece for war. 

NEW YORK HERALD:— 

Automatic Invention Operated by Secret Mechanical 
Power Is Tested at Stapleton, S. I. 

A working model of an automatic machine gun which, 
it is said, will discharge bullets over a range of a mile or 
more at the rate of one million an hour, with a muzzle 
velocity of more than 3,000 feet per second, and operated 
by a secret mechanical power, was demonstrated yes- 
terday by the inventor, Friedrich Bangerter. 

The model; which was built to shoot a three-eighth- 
inch bullet, was mounted behind a partition in the fac- 
tory at 79 Broad St., Stapleton, S. I. All the motive 
parts were covered by a tarpaulin, and the machine was 
run by an electric motor, connected with the gun by 
a belt. 

The muzzle was pointed through a hole in a partition, 
and the observers having gathered behind a screen, the 
motor was started. 

The target, a pine board, was placed sixty feet away. 
As the motor began to hum the operator turned a little 
wheel and a steady stream of bullets poured from the 
muzzle of the gun like a stream of water from the nozzle 
of a hose. The target seemed to melt before the eyes 
as all the missiles struck it, and in about 10 seconds the 
entire centre of the board had disappeared. This model 
was built for round bullets, but the inventor says that 
on a standard make gun, which will have a half-inch 
bore, conical bullets will be fired and the barrels, of 
which there will be two, will be rified. 



86 BIOGRAPHY OF FRIEDRICH BANGERTER 

The principal use of the new gun, according to the in- 
ventor's claim, will be for operating against airships, and, 
as there is no recoil, he says, the gun can be pointed to- 
ward any point of the compass. 

NEW YORK TIMES :— 

A Wonderful Gun. — A million bullets an hour can be 
fired without powder. ... It really does shoot. 
. . . Reporters see wooden targets torn to bits, but 
the inventor won't let them see the works. 

A gun that can shoot one million bullets per hour at a 
cost of $20, that uses neither powder nor compressed air, 
and that fires bullets that do not require shells, was shot 
for the enlightenment of a delegation of New York re- 
porters yesterday afternoon. The reporters saw the 
gun shoot, but they were not permitted to see that part 
of the gun out of which the little steel bullets came with 
such rapidity. The exhibition was in the factory build- 
ing at No. 79 Broad street, Stapleton, S. I. In a little 
room adjoining that in which were placed the reporters 
was the gun. There were targets made of a series of big 
boards arranged about a foot behind one in front of it. 
There were four targets. 

At 4 p. m. the shooting began. The first of the tar- 
gets was dragged into position. A moment later the 
motor started up, then the bullets started to fly. They 
riddled the target into a pile of splinters a foot high, and 
they did it in less than a minute. All in all, it was esti- 
mated that 15,000 bullets pierced the targets. Not only 
the first of the targets was riddled into a shapeless mass, 
but each of the other three as well. 

The reporters were permitted then to enter the gun- 
room. They saw a motor, from the wheel of which a 
belt was operated. The belt connected the motor with 
another wheel, which was a part of the mechanism of 
the gun, on top of which was a covering out of which the 
bullets came. They also saw the hoppers on either side 
of the gun into which the bullets are poured as they are 
needed. The reporters asked to see the gun in opera- 
tion. The inventor ordered another target swung into 
position. There was another whirl and a second storm 
of bullets struck the target. The fusillade lasted about 
ten seconds. Again was the target demolished. The 




BANGERTER'S DOLL WRITING, DESIGNING, TALKING 

AND SINGING. 

A Great Combination of Cams and Levers. 



BIOGRAPHY OF FRIEDRICH BANGERTER 89 

inventor refused to say anything about what was under 
the covering in the Httle gun-room. 

Wall Street brokers had offered Mr. Bangerter the 
necessary capital to build a standard size gun, but Mr. 
Bangerter soon found out that their plans were to get 
the secret of his invention and take it from him. He 
therefore separated from these brokers and has had noth- 
ing to do with them since. He has kept his secrets and 
has remained true to the words he declared which were 
published in the New York World of March 1st, 1908, 
that if he does not make money out of his invention 
nobody else shall. 

Army officers and scientific men marvelled at the great 
results of Bangerter's model gun. Before the tests no 
one believed in its success, declaring it impossible. Mr. 
Bangerter has never applied for a patent for this inven- 
tion, as he intended to sell the secrets to a government, 
and therefore kept the plans carefully. 

Naturally everyone was still skeptical as to the out- 
come of a standard-size gun, and to show to those 
who kept an eye on him that impossibilities of yesterday 
are made the realities of to-day, he centered his mind on 
another impossibility — his Perpetual Clock — while ap- 
parently forgetting his gun for a year. 

"Perpetual Motion the Folly of All Ages" has be- 
come an eloquent reality. 

A crowning result of his strenuous labor on this mar- 
velous clock was the outcome of three other inventions 
which the studies in a large field of problems have brought 
to life as his anniversary self-winding clock, his fire alarm 
and sprinkler apparatus. These inventions and others 
not here mentioned, owing to lack of space, stamp 
Friedrich Bangerter as a most unusual and fertile- 
minded inventor. 

His crowning achievement in inventing that marvel 
of marvels — 

BANGERTER'S PERPETUAL TIME 
CLOCK 

has therefore a background of brilliant accomplish- 
ments, profound studies and many natural abilities be- 
hind a work that shall ever establish his fame as inven- 
tor of The Peroetual Clock. 




BANGERTER'S AUTOMATIC JEWELER. 

This Automatic Jeweler Making Collar Buttons at the Belgian 

World Exposition, 1905, Often Mistaken for a Living 

Man. Thousands of Collar Buttons of His Make 

Were Sold Within the Exposition Grounds. 




BANGERTER'S AIRSHIP, THE STAR. 



Mr. Bangerter conceived the plans of his airship in 1898 and 
deposited the plans in France in March, 1905. 

By his principles the basket, engine and traveler being about 
fifteen feet below the planes, it is an absolute impossibility for 
it to turn turtle, either by wind or storm. The four planes auto- 
matically acting as parachutes in case of descending. This air- 
ship can rise vertically and keep steady at any height, permit- 
ting the dropping of explosives with accuracy after having aimed 
and regulated its position. 




BANGERTER'S POWDERLESS GUN. 

View of Targets Which Thousands of Bullets Have Pierced. 
Thickness of the Targets, 2% inch. Time, 20 seconds. 



;ep' 8 J9it 



One copy del. to Cat. Div. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 960 993 5 ^ 



THE MCCONNELL PRINTING CO. 
NEW YORK 



